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Sample Operation:
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This section demonstrates the use of
the full version of Wind Loads on Structures. The screens show the data already entered.
The accompanying text describes the actions the user would go through in
using the software.
The building has an L-shape with hipped roofs.
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Example: Building with one additional section
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Main Building
Wall Height - 12 ft.
Building Dimensions -
50 x 20 ft.
Roof Type - Hipped
Roof Slope - 6:12
Building Category II -
Normal
Section
Wall Height - 12 ft.
Building Dimensions -
20 x 30 ft.
Roof Type - Hipped
Roof Slope - 6:12
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Data Input
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Note: Click on figure to review
the full screen(1024X768 display recommended).
Click BACK on Explorer toolbar to return.
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Figure 1 |
Main Section (Figure 1)
The user should begin here when using the software to calculate wind
loads on a building.
Enclosure Classification: Select "Open,"
"Enclosed," "Partially Enclosed," or "Determine
Classification," from the drop down list. SDG suggests that after
completely defining the building, including windows and other
fenestrations, the user return to this screen and select "determine
Classification" if any uncertainty exists. The software defaults to
an enclosed classification.
Wall Dimensions: This screen facilitates the input for the
main building section.
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Wall Dimensions Table. Click on a box in the length column, type
in the dimension and press the enter key. This dimension is then
entered into 2 boxes, Row 1 and Row 3 or Row 2 and Row 4. SDG
suggests entering the long dimension of the section in Row 1 or
Row 3. If the building has roofs that extend beyond the wall,
click on the appropriate box in the Overhang column, type in the
dimension, and press the enter key.
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Wall Height: Click on the wall height box, type in the wall
height, and press the tab key or click on another data entry box.
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Parapet Height: If your building has a parapet, click on the
parapet height box, type in the parapet height, and press the tab
key or click on another data entry box.
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Roof Shape: Click on the arrow to the right of the roof shape
box to obtain a drop down list of roof types. Select the roof
shape for the building by placing the cursor on it and clicking.
The software provides the following Roof Shapes: "Flat,"
"Monoslope," "Gabled," "Hipped,"
"Mansard," "Multispan," "Sawtooth,"
or "Arched." The software defaults to a flat roof.
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Roof Slope: The form of the roof slope table depends upon the
roof shape selected. Click on the box(es), as appropriate, and
enter roof slope(s). The user may enter slopes as ratios (X:12) or
in degrees. The user selects the format of the input via the
"Options" selection on the menu.
Building Information: Click on the arrow to the right of the
Building Category box to obtain a list of Building Categories (I through
IV). Select the desired Building Category by placing the cursor on it
and clicking. The software defaults to Building Category II.
Section Drawing: When the user completes the section
information, the software produces a drawing of the section. The Section
Drawing assigns W1 through W4 to denote walls and capital letters to
denote roof sections.
Section List
When the user starts a building design, two screens appear. The text
above discussed the Main Section input screen. The other screen is
titled the "Section List." To add a section to the main
section or any other sections, click on the "New Section"
button on the Section List screen. This action brings up the Section
screen. When a building consists of several sections, double clicking on
a particular section in the list recalls the section screen for that
section. The user can make alterations to any section at any time.
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Figure 2
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Section (Figure 2)
The Section Screen has a very similar appearance to the Main Section
screen. It works in a very similar manner.
Enclosure Classification: Click on this box if the current
section will have an open classification, such as a carport, for
example.
Wall Dimensions: This screen facilitates the input for the
main building section.
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Wall Dimensions Table. Click on a box in the length column, type
in the dimension and press the enter key. This dimension is then
entered into 2 boxes, Row 1 and Row 3 or Row 2 and Row 4. SDG
suggests entering the long dimension of the section in Row 1 or
Row 3. If the building has roofs that extend beyond the wall,
click on the appropriate box in the Overhang column, type in the
dimension, and press the enter key.
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Wall Height: Click on the wall height box, type in the wall
height, and press the tab key or click on another data entry box.
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Parapet Height: If your building has a parapet, click on the
parapet height box, type in the parapet height, and press the tab
key or click on another data entry box.
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Roof Shape: Click on the arrow to the right of the roof shape
box to obtain a drop down list of roof types. Select the roof
shape for the building by placing the cursor on it and clicking.
The software provides the following Roof Shapes: "Flat,"
"Monoslope," "Gabled," "Hipped,"
"Mansard," "Multispan," "Sawtooth,"
or "Arched." The software defaults to a flat roof.
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Roof Slope: The form of the roof slope table depends upon the
roof shape selected. Click on the box(es), as appropriate, and
enter roof slope(s). The user may enter slopes as ratios (X:12) or
in degrees. The user selects the format of the input via the
"Options" selection on the menu.
Section information:
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Section Name: Type in a name for the section. In the absence of
a name, the software assigns numerical designation to the section.
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Section Connected to: Click on the arrow to obtain a drop down
menu of available sections. Select the section to which the
current section will connect by placing the cursor on the section
in the list and double clicking.
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Connected to wall: Click on the arrow to the right of the box to
obtain a drop down list of walls to which to connect the section.
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Rotate Left: This button rotates the current section
counterclockwise.
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Rotate Right: This button rotates the current section clockwise.
Section Drawing: When the user completes the section
information, the software produces a drawing of the section. The Section
Drawing assigns W1 through W4 to denote walls and capital letters to
denote roof sections.
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Figure 3
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Composite Building
Sketch (Figure 3)
Click on the "Composite Building Sketch" button from the
tool bar to bring up a composite sketch of the building that also shows
wind directions for the building, current numerical wall designations,
and current alphabetical roof designations. The user may view this at
will to ensure the software and the user agree concerning building shape
and orientation.
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Figure 4
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Location
Information (Figure 4)
This form facilitates the input of wind speed values, exposure
categories, and topographic information.
Terrain Exposure: The software allows a different exposure for
each wind direction. The software defaults to exposure C. To change the
exposure associated with a wind direction, double click on the box to
obtain a drop down list, place the cursor on the appropriate exposure
category (A through D) and click.
Topography:
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Topographic Shape: Click on the arrow to obtain a list of
Topographic Shapes described in ASCE-7. If the user selects any
Topographic Shape other than "None," three dimension
boxes become active.
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LH: Click on this box, type in the dimension, and
press the tab key or click on another data entry box.
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H: Click on this box, type in the dimension, and press the tab
key or click on another data entry box.
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x: Click on this box, type in the dimension, and press the tab
key or click on another data entry box.
Basic Wind Speed:
Wind Speed Value: Click on the box and enter a wind speed or use the
maps built into the software. The software contains the following maps:
Continental USA and Alaska. Click on the arrow to the right of the box
containing "Continental USA" to obtain a list. Click on the
geographic area where the building is located. For "Continental
USA" or "Alaska" click on the View Map button to bring up
a map. Selecting other locations puts a value in the Basic Wind Speed
box.
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Figure 5
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Basic Wind Speed
Map (Figure 5)
Selecting either "Continental USA" or "Alaska"
and clicking on the "View Map" button brings up a map divided
into counties. Use the slide bar to view the portion of the map
containing the region where the building is located. Place the crosshair
on the map at the building location. The software shows the approximate
wind speed at this location in a pop-up box. Double clicking enters this
value into the Wind Speed Value box on the location form and reduces the
map. The user can change the wind speed value, either by using the map
to change location or by typing in a new value, at any time.
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Figure 6
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Height Increment
List (Figure 6)
This form allows the user to define height increments at which the
software will calculate wind speeds.
Increment Method: Select "Standard" or "User
Defined." For the "Standard" selection the software
assigns height increments.
For the "User Defined" selection, click on the arrow to the
right of the box containing the words "Standard List" to
obtain a drop down list. The user can change values in the table. Also,
right clicking on the table allows insertion or deletion of rows. When
the user enters numbers, either over existing numbers or in new rows,
the table automatically sorts the table values in ascending order.
Standard List selection leaves the assigned height increments in the
table. Selecting "Auto Increments" activates the Auto section
of this form.
Auto:
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Click on the Increment Interval box and type in a user defined
height increment.
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Click on the Number of Intervals box and type in the number of
intervals.
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Figure 7
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Optional Factors
(Figure 7)
This form allows the user to input factors not absolutely required
for wind load calculations. Entry of data in this form will affect wind
load computations.
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Figure 8
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Main Wind Force
Resisting System - Net Pressures (Figure 8)
This represents the first set of basic output data for this program.
Double clicking on any value in the table that the software calculated
brings up a detail screen that shows the values used in the calculation.
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Figure 9
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Velocity Pressure
– Details (Figure 9)
Typical detail screen. The software provides several calculators that
allow the user to perform parametric studies without going through the
entire design process. The calculators are similar to the Details form
shown here.
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Figure 10
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Component and
Cladding Input (Figure 10)
This table facilitates input for Components and Cladding
calculations. The table contains four columns. The user must complete
one row of the table before the software can perform components and
cladding calculations.
Component Description Column: Type in a description of the
component and cladding element.
Surface Type Column: Double Click on a box in this column to
obtain a drop down list. Select "Wall: or "Roof."
Surface Column: Double Click on a box in this column to obtain
a drop down list of wall or roof designations corresponding to the
composite drawing. Select the appropriate wall.
Area Column: Enter the area of the component and cladding
element or the tributary area for the member.
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Figure 11
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Components and
Cladding Net Pressures (Figure 11)
This screen contains the basic output for components and cladding
calculations. Clicking on any value in the table that the software
calculated brings up a detail screen that shows the values used in the
calculation.
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Figure 12
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C & C External
Pressure Coefficient – Details (Figure 12)
Typical detail screen. The software provides several calculators that
allow the user to perform parametric studies without going through the
entire design process. The calculators are similar to the Details form
shown here.
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Figure 13
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Project
Information (Figure 13)
This screen allows the user to enter information about the project.
Information input in this screen will appear in the report. |
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Figure 14
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Print Design
(Figure 14)
This screen appears when the user opts to print after completing a
design. Initially, the software selects all available forms for
printing. The user can de-select or reselect forms by clicking on boxes.
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Report |
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Report
of Building Example |
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